{"id":674,"date":"2026-03-26T09:25:48","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T01:25:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sgettec.com\/?p=674"},"modified":"2026-03-26T09:28:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T01:28:33","slug":"high-performance-tec-chip-use-guide-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sgettec.com\/ar\/high-performance-tec-chip-use-guide-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 TEC \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"article-h2\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\">\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f 50-70% \u0645\u0646 Imax (\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"article-h3\">\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 TEC \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a TEC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0645\u0648\u062a (Bi\u2082Te\u2083) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (ZT). \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 N \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 P. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0645 ZT \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.8 \u06481.0 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u064a\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (ZT = \u03b1\u00b2\u03c3T\/\u03ba).<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 (Al\u2082O\u2083) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 96% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 (&gt;15 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/\u0645\u0645) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 24 \u0625\u0644\u0649 28 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645\u00b7\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (AlN) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 (170-200 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645\u00b7\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0394Tmax \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 8-12% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (&lt;0.1 \u0645\u03a9 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644) \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0648\u062a-\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a SAC \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635) \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_673\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-673\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-673\" title=\"TEC Chip\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sgettec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/file_1774487562972-300x234.png\" alt=\"TEC Chip\" width=\"500\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sgettec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/file_1774487562972-300x234.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sgettec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/file_1774487562972-15x12.png 15w, https:\/\/www.sgettec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/file_1774487562972.png 522w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" data-no-translation=\"\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-673\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 TEC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"article-h2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"article-h3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC<\/h3>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>Qmax (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f)<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f Qmax \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2 \u0648\u0627\u0637 (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 125 \u0648\u0627\u0637 (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 62\u00d762 \u0645\u0644\u0645). \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u0394Tmax (\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629)<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 65-72 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 Qc (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629: \u0394T = \u0394Tmax \u00d7 (1 \u2013 Qc\/Qmax). \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0394Tmax \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 TEC \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>COP (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621)<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0629: COP = Qc\/Pe. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0645 COP \u0645\u0646 0.3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.6 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0394T = 20-40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 COP \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 40-60% \u0645\u0646 Imax \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0644\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"article-h3\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 3-16 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 1-4 \u0623\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f 25 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 0.2-0.4%\/\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20% \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 150% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 100-200 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 -40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648+85 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 MIL-STD-810\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 10,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (Bi\u2082Te\u2083: 16\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 Al\u2082O\u2083: 7\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 100,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 MTBF.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #000;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: center;\">\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (\u0645\u0644\u0645)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: center;\">Qmax (\u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: center;\">\u0394Tmax (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: center;\">Imax (\u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: center;\">Vmax (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0645)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">TEC1-12706<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">40\u00d740\u00d73.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">50<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">66<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">14.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">TEC1-12715<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">40\u00d740\u00d73.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">125<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">67<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">15.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">15.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">TEC1-12730<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">62\u00d762\u00d74.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">125<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">68<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">30.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">28.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.96<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">TEC1-07108<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">30\u00d730\u00d73.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">35<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">70<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">TEC2-25408<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">50\u00d750\u00d78.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">48<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">125<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">28.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">3.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"article-ul\">\n<li class=\"article-li\"><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f: -20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646: +20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li class=\"article-li\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 15 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 450 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<li class=\"article-li\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: 0.2-0.8 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0648\u0627\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a)<\/li>\n<li class=\"article-li\"><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 30 \u0625\u0644\u0649 120 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0394T \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"article-h2\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"article-h3\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 RoHS<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 2011\/65\/EU \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 SAC305\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 96.5% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u06483% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u06480.5% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 62321\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.1% \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.01%. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a RoHS \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 CE<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (2014\/35\/EU) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (2014\/30\/EU)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 50 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 TEC \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f EN 55011 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 B \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 PWM \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 UL<\/strong> (UL 1995 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f) \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 UL \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 (1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 60 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 UL 94 V-0 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"article-h3\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a MTBF<\/strong> (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644) \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 200,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0640 80% \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 50 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 JESD22-A108 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (Tc = 85 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f (110% Vmax) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 Weibull \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u03b2) \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 1.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.5\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 MIL-STD-202 \u0631\u0642\u0645 107 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 -55 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +125 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 500 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 5% \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (FEA) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a: (1) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 40% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u061b (2) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 25%\u061b (3) \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20%\u061b \u0648(4) \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 15%. \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f 60-70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"article-h2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"article-h3\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u00b10.01 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 TEC \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 (PID) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a 15\u00d715 \u0645\u0644\u0645 (Qmax = 8-12 \u0648\u0627\u0637) \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a NTC \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 (25-35 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f 3-5 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 PCR \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (3-5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u064a\u0646 4 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064895 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (Imax &gt; 10 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631) \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 FDA \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0628\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a DWDM\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f (-40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +65 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637) \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 99.999%\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a SNMP \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"article-h3\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 Tc = Ta + (Qc + Pe) \u00d7 (Rhs + Rtec + Rtim) \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a (Rhs) \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0630\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 0.3-0.8 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.05-0.15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 CFD \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 2-5 \u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (TIMs) \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 TEC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a (PCMs) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 0.02-0.05 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0648\u0627\u0637\u00b7\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.03-0.08 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0648\u0627\u0637\u00b7\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a (0.06-0.12 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0648\u0627\u0637\u00b7\u0633\u0645\u00b2) \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632. \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 (25-75 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 50 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629-\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a LC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_527\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-527\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-527\" title=\"TEC Chip\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sgettec.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20251205170852.png\" alt=\"Tec Chip\" width=\"500\" height=\"310\" data-no-translation=\"\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-527\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 TEC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"article-h2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"article-h3\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 TEC \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 TEC \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 50 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 COP = 0.4 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 125 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 50 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 HVAC \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 175 \u0648\u0627\u0637. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (43,800 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629) \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a $0.12 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $9,200\u2014\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 5-10 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 COP \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20-30%\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 15-25% \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 $500 \u0648$2,000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d (MTTR) \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 15-30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 4-8 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $5,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $50,000 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 TEC \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0640 3-5 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641 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\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 TEC \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 4-8 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 95%+. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f (VMI) \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (&gt;10,000 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\/\u0633\u0646\u0629). \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"article-h2\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u06331: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 TEC \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 MTBF \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 200,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (23 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 60\u00b0C \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 JESD22 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 100,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u06332: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 (Qmax) \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 Qmax \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: Qmax_required = (Qload + Qparasitic) \/ \u03b7_operating\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Qload \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 Qparasitic \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u03b7_operating \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 TEC \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0394T \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 10 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 30\u00b0C \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 (\u0394T = 30\u00b0C)\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649: Qmax = (10W + 2W) \/ 0.45 \u2248 27W\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b 0.45 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0394T = 30\u00b0C. \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 20-30% \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0640 Qmax \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 35W.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\"><strong>\u06333: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\">\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TEC \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 95% \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629-\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 IP67 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 60529.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-p\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u062e\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629: \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 C \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 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